Exercise as a Powerful Adjunct Treatment for Epilepsy
Dispelling Myths and Unveiling the Benefits
This article explores the potential of exercise as a supplemental treatment for epilepsy, drawing from a podcast featuring three experts: Dr. Jane Allendorfer, a researcher studying the effects of exercise on the brain; Dr. Halley Alexander, an epileptologist providing a clinical perspective; and Brian Wiedmeyer, a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy sharing his personal experience.
Historically, several myths have discouraged people with epilepsy from engaging in physical activity. One common misconception is that exercise can induce seizures. However, research indicates that exercise is not seizure-inducing and may even reduce epileptiform discharges, the EEG marker of a seizure. Another myth is that intense exercise should be avoided, but studies have shown that even high-intensity exercise does not trigger seizures.
Early research in the 1990s primarily focused on whether exercise could induce seizures. More recent studies have explored the potential of exercise to prevent seizures or even the development of epilepsy. While research in humans is limited, animal studies have shown promising results.
Dr. Allendorfer’s research has demonstrated the cognitive benefits of exercise, particularly in the areas of verbal learning and memory. Participants in her studies who engaged in a combined endurance and resistance training program showed significant improvements in these areas. Neuroimaging findings further support these results, revealing changes in functional connectivity of brain regions associated with seizures.
Brian Wiedmeyer’s personal experience highlights the benefits of exercise. He reported improvements in sleep, energy levels, and overall well-being. He also noticed a positive impact on his short-term memory, a common challenge for people with epilepsy.
The underlying mechanisms behind these benefits are still being investigated, but research suggests that exercise-induced neuroplasticity plays a crucial role. Studies in animal models have shown changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a key protein involved in learning and memory, and increased expression of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, which help maintain the balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain.
While the impact of exercise on seizure frequency and severity is still being explored, several studies have indicated that exercise does not worsen seizures. A recent study on yoga showed promising results, with participants in the yoga group experiencing a significant reduction in seizure frequency.
Future research aims to address gaps in our understanding, such as optimal exercise dosing and type, and how to effectively integrate exercise into clinical care. Practical tips for people with epilepsy who want to start exercising include:
- Consulting with their physician: It’s important to discuss exercise plans with a healthcare provider to ensure safety and address any concerns.
- Starting with low-impact activities: Activities like walking or yoga are accessible and can be done at home.
- Utilizing technology: Apps with GPS tracking and emergency buttons can provide a sense of security for those exercising alone.
- Building a support system: Informing peers and family about the benefits of exercise can help create a supportive environment.
The experts emphasize the importance of continued research and education to dispel myths and promote the benefits of exercise for people with epilepsy. As research progresses and more healthcare providers become informed, exercise can be more widely recognized and utilized as a valuable adjunct treatment for epilepsy.